
Perovskite Solar Cells 2026: From Lab Breakthroughs to Commercial Reality — A Graduate‑Level Review
Comprehensive review of perovskite photovoltaics in 2026: single‑junction certified 27.87 %, perovskite‑silicon tandem world record 34.85 %, all‑perovskite tandem 29.76 %, stability breakthroughs (>4‑year lifetime without encapsulation, 95 % after 3,000 h damp‑heat), and commercial milestones (Trina Solar 29.2 % full‑size module, 907 W). Includes detailed tables and future perspectives.

